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1. Context in Perl can be.
   Answers:

• conditional, referenced, literal, null
• numeric, string, list, scala
• associative, numeric, scalar, sparse
• inary, string, list, scala
• Boolean, numeric, string, null

1. A label, in Perl, is.
   Answers:

• a marker for the Perl interprete
• a heading
• a switch statement
• the name of an operator
• a component embedded in the code

1. How many times does the do statement allow you to execute the block of statements in a loop?
   Answers:

• Does not allow you to execute statements in a loop
• At least once
• Twice
• Depends on the number of times specified
• An indefinite number of times

1. A directory handle.
   Answers:

• is a program that handles your operating system
• is a link from your computer program to the directory on your file system
• does not have its own namespace
• cannot be considered equivalent to a file handle
• does not require the opendir function

1. A scalar variable can contain.
   Answers:

• only one data item at a time
• several data items at a time, the number of which needs to be declared beforehand
• unlimited items
• two items at a time
• an array of data items

1. How are hash references created?
   Answers:

• % $ reference
• $ reference = \ % hash;
• @ reference = \ % hash;
• % hash=$reference;
• $$reference= \ % hash;

1. How is an array assigned to an array?
   Answers:

• @array1=@array[1…6];
• @array1=@array2;
• @array=(1, “string”, 4,5, \@ array z);
• By creating another array object
• An array cannot be assigned to an array

1. Non-associative operators are those that.
   Answers:

• do not bind at all
• change their associativity depending on the context
• do not show precedence
• ind themselves to whichever expression they are adjacent to
• do not associate the lvalue with the expression on the right

1. Dereferencing refers to:
   Answers:

• accessing an array that contains a reference to another array
• removing the reference
• an undefined or empty reference
• accessing values referred to by Perl references
• a scalar variable that keeps track of where another variable is stored in memory

1. Context in Perl can be:
   Answers:

• conditional, referenced, literal, null
• numeric, string, list, scalar
• associative, numeric, scalar, sparse
• inary, string, list, scalar
• Boolean, numeric, string, null

1. A scalar variable can contain:
   Answers:

• only one data item at a time
• several data items at a time, the number of which needs to be declared beforehand
• unlimited items
• two items at a time
• an array of data items

1. Non-associative operators are those that:
   Answers:

• do not bind at all
• change their associativity depending on the context
• do not show precedence
• bind themselves to whichever expression they are adjacent to
• do not associate the lvalue with the expression on the right

61 NOT Answered Yet Test Questions:
(hold on, will be updated soon)

13. What does the abs_path method do?
    Answers:

• Gets the current working directory
• Gets the absolute path of the paramete
• Gets the absolute path of the input paramete
• Gets the absolute path of the current working directory
• Gets the current paramete

13. An atom cannot be
    Answers:

• a single character or digit, A-Z, a-z, 0-9
• an escaped meta-characte
• an escaped special meaning characte
• a regular expression enclosed in parenthesis
• a meta characte

13. Which of the following is not an alignment character?
    Answers:

•

•

• |
• &
• #

1. Which of the following translation modifiers matches all characters that are not part of the search string?
   Answers:

• d
• s
• c
• x
• z

1. The value assigned to an array cell must be.
   Answers:

• a scalar value
• a variable value
• a scalar or a variable value that resolves to a scalar value
• null
• None of the above

1. Which of the following characters denotes a comment in Perl?
   Answers:

• //
• #
• /*
• &
• *

1. What does the pop function do?
   Answers:

• Takes elements off the end of an array
• Puts elements into the first cell index of an array
• Adds an element to the end of an array
• Takes elements off the first index of the array
• Modifies or deletes elements from the array

1. Which one of the following is a part of the if family of branching statements in Perl?
   Answers:

• if
• if else
• if elsif
• if, if else, and if elsif
• None of the above

1. Which of the following loops is usually used to process arrays?
   Answers:

• while
• until
• do
• for / foreach

1. Which of the following can replace if else?
   Answers:

• ? :
• : ?
• ! :
• / ?
• ? /

1. Which of the following is not a rule for switches using the Getopt function?
   Answers:

• Switches begin with a dash character (-)
• Switches that do not take a parameter are set to the value 0
• Switches that take a parameter may or may not have space between the switch name and the switch value
• Switches are not required to be in any orde
• Switches are case-sensitive

1. What is the following code an example of? $hitCounter=sub {print "This page has been called $hits times";}; Answers:

• Anonymous array
• Anonymous hash
• Object reference
• Subroutine
• Anonymous subroutine

1. Of which of the following switch syntax options is the following code an example of? GetOptions("extension:s"); Answers:

• Sets the default syntax
• Allows the option to be negated
• Sets the input option to include a mandatory string argument
• Sets the input option to include a mandatory integer argument
• Sets the input option to include an optional string argument

1. What does @ARGV refer to?
   Answers:

• The number of elements in an array
• An array loaded with the command-line arguments
• A file handle used when processing an array
• A file associated with a file handle
• The name of your program

1. What are bare words?
   Answers:

• Comments with the # sign missing
• Improperly declared variables
• Operators
• Character strings without surrounding quotation marks
• Characters denoting a string

1. What does the following error indicate?

“Can’t Locate Function in @INC”
Answers:

• You misspelled a function name
• The last line of the required file returned a zero or null value
• You forgot to type the comma after the first argument of a function
• Your code is using a function that has been replaced by a newer function
• You used an uninitialized value

1. Which of the following begins or ends a system command string in Perl?
   Answers:

• font size=5>”</font
• font size=5>'</font
• font size=5><></font
• font size=5><!</font
• font size=5>`</font

1. Dereferencing refers to.
   Answers:

• accessing an array that contains a reference to another array
• emoving the reference
• an undefined or empty reference
• accessing values referred to by Perl references
• a scalar variable that keeps track of where another variable is stored in memory

1. Which of the following is not true of labels?
   Answers:

• A label can go on any line
• A label must begin with a character followed by any combination of letters or numbers that end with a colon
• Reserved words cannot be used as labels
• Labels are case sensitive
• A label performs the same function as the last command

1. Which of the following operators is associated with writing to a program?
   Answers:

• +

•

•

• | filename
• filename |

1. Which of the following characters is the variable designator for scalar variables?
   Answers:

• @
• %
• $
• *
• &

1. The syntax of the sort function without a special purpose sort subroutine is:
   Answers:

• sort ( ) {$b cmp $a ;}
• lvalue=sort list
• $ name= ~tr/+/ /;
• sortDescending ( ) {$b cmp $a;}
• lvalue=sort subroutineName list;

1. Which of the following meta characters creates a single expression or atom?
   Answers:

• { }
• ( )
• *
• +
• ?

1. What does the following compound assignment operator signify? | =
   Answers:

• Exclusive OR the expression on the left of the operator with the expression on the right of the operator
• Logical OR the expression on the left of the operator with the expression on the right of the operator
• Left shift the expression on the left of the operator by the expression on the right of the operator
• Binary OR the expression on the left of the operator with the expression on the right of the operator
• Append the expression on the left of the operator with the expression on the right of the operator

1. The keyword ‘my’ is used to declare
   Answers:

• comments
• are words
• default variables
• Lexical variables

1. Which of the following is not a feature of Perl?
   Answers:

• Portability
• Interpreted language
• Compiled language
• Is used for CGI applications
• Was originally used to generate reports that tracked errors

1. The foreach loop is usually used to process.
   Answers:

• arrays and hashes
• a block of statements a number of times
• lists
• multi-dimensional arrays
• namespaces

1. Which of the following is not a type of reference variables?
   Answers:

• Direct
• Constant
• Subroutine
• Numeric
• Symbolic

1. What does the switch syntax :f do?
   Answers:

• It allows the option to be negated
• It sets the default syntax
• It sets the input option to include an optional real-number argument
• It sets the input option to include an optional integer argument
• It sets the input option to include a mandatory real-number argument

1. The syntax of assigning to an array cell is.
   Answers:

• array=new Array(n);
• scalar=@array[cellIndex]
• @array[cellIndex]=scalar;
• $array[cellIndex]=scalar;
• $array[n]=newArray;

1. Which of the following pertains to IO: :Handle?
   Answers:

• Base class for IO classes
• Interface to file-open functions
• Get the file descripto
• Interface to IO: : *classes
• Export file symbols

1. The s/// function.
   Answers:

• substitutes one string for another string
• eturns the first position of a substring
• eturns the last position of a substring
• eturns the number of characters of a string
• eturns or modifies a substring

1. Which of the following operators has/have the highest precedence?
   Answers:

• Increment/decrement
• NOT, escape, sign operator
• Dereference operator
• Exponential operator
• Parenthesis, function, quotation marks

1. Which of the following Getopt::Long Configuration variables refers to an internal error flag?
   Answers:

• debug
• orde
• pass_through
• null
• error

1. The syntax of the heredoc operator is.
   Answers:

• print >>heredoc – marker;
• print <<heredoc – marker;
• select <<heredoc – marker;
• print << heredoc -label;
• printlist <<heredoc -label;

1. When are the environment variables created?
   Answers:

• Each time you run a program
• When you save a program
• When you compile a program
• The first time you run a program
• When you run a program in the Unix command shell

1. Which of the following file functions gets the file descriptor of a file handle?
   Answers:

• fcntl
• flock
• getc
• fileno
• link

1. What is meant by variable interpolation?
   Answers:

• Exchanging the values of one variable with anothe
• Passing a variable as an argument to a function
• The process of making a variable part of the namespace table
• The process of assigning some value to a variable
• The process of interpreting characters in a string literal surrounded by double quotation marks

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